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Biotecnika Times – Newsletter 25.03.2020 – Made In India COVID-19 Test Kit, INST Research

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Biotecnika Times - Made In India COVID-19 Test Kit, INST Research DST Women Scientist Scheme-B (WOS-B) 2020 – Last Date Extended DST Women Scientist Scheme-B (WOS-B)...
RGCB Jobs Latest

Govt RGCB Project Officer Jobs – Life Sciences & Biotechnology Apply

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RGCB Jobs Latest - Life Science / Biotechnology Project Officer Post RGCB Jobs Latest - Life Science / Biotechnology Project Officer Post. RGCB, Thiruvananthapuram is...
COVID19 Drugs by Cipla & IICT

India Set To Develop COVID-19 Drugs, Cipla and CSIR-IICT Collaborate

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COVID19 Drugs by Cipla & IICT In order to manufacture three promising chemical compounds with anti-viral properties to treat COVID-19 immediately, the Indian Pharmaceutical giant...
Editing Multiple Genome Fragments At A Time Scientists can now edit multiple sites in the genome at the same time to learn how different DNA stretches co-operate in health and disease. CRISPR-based DNA editing has revolutionized the study of the human genome by allowing precise deletion of any human gene to glean insights into its function. But one feature remained challenging—the ability to simultaneously remove multiple genes or gene fragments in the same cell. Yet this type of genome surgery is key for scientists to understand how different parts of the genome work together in the contexts of both normal physiology and disease. Now such a tool exists thanks to the teams of Benjamin Blencowe and Jason Moffat, both professors of molecular genetics at the Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research. Dubbed 'CHyMErA', for Cas Hybrid for Multiplexed Editing and Screening Applications, the method can be applied to any type of mammalian cell to systematically target the DNA at multiple positions at the same time, as described in a study published in the journal Nature Biotechnology. Often described as genome scissors, CRISPR works by sending a DNA-cutting enzyme to desired sites in the genome via guide RNA molecules, engineered to adhere to the target site. The most widely used DNA-cutting enzyme is Cas9. - Editing Multiple Genome Fragments At A Time. Since Cas9 first came to light, other Cas enzymes with distinct properties have been identified by scientists seeking to improve and expand the applications of the technology. Unlike the CRISPR-Cas9 technology, CHyMErA combines two different DNA-cutting enzymes, Cas9 and Cas12a, to allow more versatile applications. Cas12a is an enzyme that can be used to generate multiple guide RNA molecules in the same cell, which is key for simultaneous DNA editing. Thomas Gonatopoulos-Pournatzis, a research associate in Blencowe's group, had spent several years trying to develop combinatorial gene editing by testing Cas9 and Cas12a enzymes on their own. He then had the idea to combine these enzymes to generate the CHyMErA system. "We had been trying a number of approaches to induce genetic fragment deletions and nothing worked as well as CHyMErA," he says. "I was thrilled when together with Shaghayegh Farhangmehr, a Ph.D. student in the Blencowe lab, we saw the first evidence that CHyMErA was successful in deleting gene segments. We obtained these results on Boxing Day and it was the best Christmas present I could have wished for." The next step was to harness CHyMErA in large-scale screens to systematically analyze how genes act together, as well as the functions of individual parts of genes. Blencowe's team, which studies the regulation and function of gene segments known as exons, approached Moffat, whose group had developed extensive experience with CRISPR technology. "With CHyMErA, you can use the best of the two enzymes," says Michael Aregger, a research associate in the Moffat lab, who played a key role in developing the screen-based applications of CHyMErA. "Cas9 has been improved by the community to have a very high editing efficiency, whereas Cas12a allows multiplexing of guide RNAs and therefore provides a lot more flexibility in finding sites in the genome that we can cut." In one application of CHyMErA, the researchers targeted pairs of genes known as paralogs, which have a similar DNA code but remain poorly studied because they were difficult to research. Because paralogs arose by duplication of an ancestral gene, it had been assumed they would largely have similar roles. But their function could not be revealed by the existing single-gene targeting methods typically employed in genetic screens, mostly because the other paralog would compensate for the one that's missing. "With CHyMErA, we can take out both paralogs in pairs to see if that ancestral function is important for the cell to survive," says Kevin Brown, a senior research associate in the Moffat lab and co-lead author on the study along with Aregger and Gonatopoulos-Pournatzis. "We are able to now interrogate a class of genes that were previously missed." After knocking out ~700 paralog pairs, almost all that exist in the human genome, the analysis confirmed that many of these gene pairs do indeed perform similar roles in cell survival, whereas others have distinct functions. Another feature of CHyMErA is that both Cas9 and Cas12a can be deployed to nearby genome sites to cut out gene fragments such as exons. This allowed the team to individually delete thousands of exons that have been linked to cancer and brain function but were not amenable to targeting with Cas9 alone. Exons are variably included in genes' transcripts and can modify the function of the encoded proteins, although how individual exons contribute to cellular processes remains largely unknown. Out of 2,000 exons analyzed by CHyMErA, over 100 were found to be critical for cell survival, enabling future research to now focus on shining light on their potential roles in disease. "Once we identify exons that have a critical role in disease, we can use this information to develop new therapies," says Gonatopoulos-Pournatzis. Editing Multiple Genome Fragments At A Time - Source

New System To Edit Multiple Genome Fragments Together

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Editing Multiple Genome Fragments At A Time Multiple sites in the genome can now be edited at the same time, which enables scientists to understand...
NIBMG Job Openings

Govt NIBMG Project Personnel Recruitment – Rs. 54,000 pm Salary

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NIBMG Job Openings - Life Science/ Genetics/ Biotech Apply NIBMG Job Openings - Life Science/ Genetics/ Biotech Apply. MSc Life Science research jobs at NIBMG....
IIT Delhi PhD Admission

IIT Delhi PhD Admission 2020 – Applications Invited

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IIT Delhi PhD Admission 2020 - Applications Invited The official notification for the IIT Delhi PhD Admission 2020 - Applications Invited has been released. Interested...
New Approach to Speed up RBCs generation

Scientists At NCCS Pune Develop New Approach to Speed up RBCs generation

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New Approach to Speed up RBCs generation in the Laboratory For a number of conditions like blood-related cancers,  solid malignancies, pregnancy-related complications, transplant surgery, supportive...

Biotecnika Times – Newsletter 16.03.2020 – GATE 2020 Results, BIRAC Hiring, INST PhD

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Biotecnika Times - GATE 2020 Results, BIRAC Hiring, INST PhD GATE 2020 Results Announced - Check GATE Result, Score Card GATE 2020 Results has been announced...
CRISPR movie human nature

Human Nature – Must Watch Movie On Promises & Perils Of CRISPR

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CRISPR Movie HUMAN NATURE Review Can we create genetically superior humans immune to diseases, pain, and fear? Can we create a world with no pests,...

Biotecnika Times – Newsletter 13.03.2020 – Latest FSSAI Job Opening, Govt CDSCO Drugs

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Biotecnika Times - Latest FSSAI Job Opening, Govt CDSCO Drugs Latest FSSAI Job Openings 2020 – All Life Sciences Candidates Eligible Government jobs for msc, btech...
Second HIV infected person cured

Second HIV Infected Person Cured Using Stem Cell Transplants

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 The second HIV infected person cured An HIV infected person from London has been the second individual in the world to be cured of HIV...

Biotecnika Times – Newsletter 12.03.2020

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Amazon Recruitment 2020 – Microbiology / Food Tech Apply Online Amazon Recruitment 2020 – Microbiology / Food Tech Apply Online. Microbiology and Food Tech job...
lettuce grown in space

Space Station Grown Lettuce As Nutritious As One’s On Earth : NASA

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Scientists found that the red romaine lettuce grown in International Space Station (ISS) is as nutritious as those grown on earth. This is a...
Folding of DNA by Condensins

Mutual Condensins Interaction Folds DNA Into Zigzag Structure

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Folding of DNA into a zigzag structure by mutual interaction of condensins DNA inside a cell is just like tangled spaghetti strands on a plate....
coronavirus vaccines and treatments

Top 35 Coronavirus Treatments In Development To Overcome Deadly Outbreak

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Coronavirus Vaccine & Treatment The drug companies are racing to repurpose or develop treatments against the potential pandemic COVID-19. The death toll has crossed 3,000....
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