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EUKARYOTE REPLICATION

 The mechanism of replication in eukaryotes is almost similar to the prokaryotes and the mechanism is well studied and understood in yeast. There are three polymerizing enzymes involved in the replication process of the nucleus and there are other polymerizing enzymes found to be involved. They are given below in the box.

 

  

 


 

The DNA polymerase enzymes are mainly involved in the DNA replication. DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA on the leading strand and DNA polymerase synthesizes discontinuous DNA on the lagging strands.
• The other factors that are involved are [1] T antigen [2] RF – A or replication factor A which is similar to SSBPs of prokaryotes [3] Topoisomerase I [4] Topoisomerase II [5] PCNA

 

(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) or cyclin [6]Replication factor C or RF – C

 Before the start of replication, there is 8 – 10 minutes of presynthetic stage for the formation of unwound DNA complex. This step involves T - antigen, RF – A and topoisomerase I and II.
• T - antigen has a DNA binding domain which binds at site I and causes split in the site II in the presence of ATP. RF – A binds to the unwound free strands of DNA.

RF - C and PCNA help in replacing or switching the DNA polymerase  by DNA polymerase  which then synthesizes the DNA continuously on the leading strand.
• DNA polymerase  synthesizes okazaki fragments continuously on the lagging strand. The RNA primers are removed and the gaps are filled just as in prokaryote replication.
• DNA polymerase  is thought to be involved in the elongation process of the replication.

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